The evolution of technology and its implications for education
Abstract
This article examines the evolution of technology from a philosophical and educational perspective, starting from Ortega y Gasset’s notion of technique as a human “super-nature.” It traces the shift from physical tools to intellectual technologies, focusing on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and their role during the COVID-19 pandemic. The core of the paper is the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education: its potential —personalized learning, digital skill development, creativity enhancement— is detailed alongside its threats, highlighting two underexplored dimensions. First, the risk of cognitive atrophy (loss of critical thinking, memory, creativity, perseverance, and social skills) resulting from excessive reliance on AI as a “cognitive prosthesis.” Second, the biases embedded in AI models, stemming from training data, human labeling, alignment objectives, and geopolitical interests. The proposal of Jorge Rey Valzacchi for a “post-plagiarism pedagogy” is discussed, shifting the emphasis from detecting fraud to requiring students to make their thinking process visible, argue their ideas, and take an intellectual stance. Finally, the paper stresses the urgent need for higher education to adapt its strategies in order to coexist with technology in a critical, ethical, and productive manner.
Keywords
Educational technology, artificial intelligence, ethics, post-plagiarism pedagogy, ICT
Author Biography
Cesar Antonio Bedia Duque Bedia Duque
Departamento de Filosofía-Estética-Teoría Política
References
- Aprende Virtual-Instituto Latinoamericano de Desarrollo Profesional Docente. (2024). El poder de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) en el Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (ABP), Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2024.
- Ashwin, J.; Chhabra, A.; Rao, V. (2025). Using Large Language Models for Qualitative Analysis can Introduce Serious Bias, https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/099433311072326082.
- Ortega y Gasset, J. (1965). Meditación de la técnica, Colección Austral, Madrid, España, 1965.
- Rey Valzacchi, J. (2026). Pedagogía posplagiarismo. Cómo educar y evaluar cuando copiar ya no es el problema, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2026.
- Rey Valzacchi, J. (2024). Aprende Virtual-Instituto Latinoamericano de Desarrollo Profesional Docente: Chatbots educativos: inteligencia artificial transformando el aprendizaje- El nuevo paradigma de la enseñanza personalizada, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2024.
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